On a general level, Jungs and Fryes theorizings about archetypes, however labeled, overlap, and boundaries are elusive, but in the disciplines of literature the two schools have largely ignored each others work. "Othello", by William Shakespeare, is a story of jealousy's potential to manipulate thoughts and eventually lead to ultimate demise. Altho a tragic ending it may be, Othello couldn't stand being a such a fool to have believed such lies about his one and only love. William Shakespeare utilized archetype frequently as a literary device in his plays. From the theorists, dissertations, articles, and books, often traditionally academic in orientation, appeared; the productions of the practitioners are chronicled and critiqued in van Meurss bibliography. In addition, Othello is far from being a perfect character - another quality that meets Aristotle's requirements. Shakespeare derived his plot from Giraldi Cinthios Tale of the Moor, in the story collection Hecatommithi (1565), reshaping Cinthios sensational tale of jealousy, intrigue, and murder in several key ways. The Women of Othello There are only three female characters in Othello, and each plays a critical role in Shakespeare's artfully crafted plot of jealousy and retribution. Othello's Integrity One of Othello's admirable qualities is that he believes that men should be transparent and honest as he is; "Certain, men should be what they seem" (Act 3 Scene 3 Line 134). To furnish me with some swift means of death Not with vain thanks, but with acceptance bounteous, Given this background, it is not surprising to find in a 1976 essay entitled Jungian Psychology in Criticism: Theoretical Problems the statement that no purely Jungian criticism of literature has yet appeared (Baird 22). After the. Further, Jung termed his own theory analytical psychology, as it is still known especially in Europe, but Jungian thought is more commonly referred to today in all disciplines as archetypal psychology.. Othello is a complex play that deals with issues such as jealousy, gender, and race. Let us know! Some of these include the downfall from high position Othello goes from being the general, to being convicted of being a murderer. (V.2.316, 323) It is beyond a doubt Othello's fault that all of this wreckage befalls him, and his still has not had a moment of recognition of his failures at reasoning and understanding. Where a malignant and a turband Turk After Othello returns from war at sea with the Turks, his fortune begins a downward spiral. When he realizes the grave mistake he had made by taking an honest Desdemona's life he can no longer live with himself. This book established the priority of interest in the archetypal over the mythological. O, farewell! Desdemona on her deathbed, still defends her Lords actions. Archetypal criticism gets its impetus from psychologist Carl Jung, who postulated that humankind has a "collective unconscious," a kind of universal psyche, which is manifested in dreams and myths and which harbors themes . As mine own face. he asks, which gives pause to a theory of pure nobility. Othello is a man of high rank in Venice. reflects the archetypal villain" (Sen, ). He ends up killing her out of jealousy; when she does not deserve it. Carl Jungs Contribution to Psychoanalytic Theory. Desdemona replies that it was her fault: Nobody I myself. In addition, he modified and extended his concept over the many decades of his professional life, often insisting that archetype named a process, a perspective, and not a content, although this flexibility was lost through the codifying, nominalizing tendencies of his followers. Even though Othello had a reputation as a hero, he ends up being one of the most gullible characters in the play when he completely falls into the evil trap that Iago set for him. This scene has suggested to some critics that Iagos true motivation for destroying the marriage of Desdemona and Othello is a repressed homosexual love for Othello. Othello, being a hero, enjoys a good reputation and has notable qualities. A general in the army, Othello holds a distinguished place in the Duke's court due to his victories in battle, but not an equal one. Frye, however, notably in Anatomy of Criticism, essentially redefined and relocated archetype on grounds that would remove him unequivocally from the ranks of Jungian critics by severing the connection between archetype and depth psychology: This emphasis on impersonal content has been developed by Jung and his school, where the communicability of archetypes is accounted for by a theory of a collective unconsciousan unnecessary hypothesis in literary criticism, so far as I can judge (m-12). The tragic protagonist must make a fall from a high state of being to a low state or death. "In Sidney's view, tragedy provokes "the affects of admiration and commiseration" and so demonstrates "the uncertainty of this world". OTHELLO: Iago critics. During the play Iago manipulates Othello because Lieutenant Cassio was promoted ahead of him, and also because he suspects that Othello has had an affair with his wife. Desdemona and Othello, therefore, face the usual challenges of the lovers in a Shakespearean comedy who must contend with the forces of authority, custom, and circumstances allied against their union. Furthermore, they must also have a fatal flaw, that eventually leads to their downfall. Othello makes an error in judgement, which leads to his change in fortune, and later realizes that his actions are what caused said change in fortune. The Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism. Frazers and Jungs texts formed the basis of two allied but ultimately different courses of influence on literary history. To see you here before me. While adding to the tone of the story it also adds to the characters overall personality from the reader's perspective. Home Archetypal Criticism Archetypal Criticism, By NASRULLAH MAMBROL on October 22, 2020 ( 0 ). Literary Theory from 1900 to 1966: A-Z A Alexander Chirila First published: 24 December 2010 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444337839.wbelctv1a009 Read the full text PDF Tools Share Abstract Archetypal criticism is a form of analysis based on the identification and study of recurring symbolic and mythic patterns. . Othello, likewise, has tradud the state and has changed from noble and valiant Othello to a beast, with the passion that ennobled him shown as corrosive and demeaning. These archetypalists, focusing on the imaginaland making central the concept that in English they call soul, assert their kinship with Semiotics and Structuralism but maintain an insistent focus on psychoid phenomena, which they characterize as meaningful. But Jung's theory of the archetypes of the collective unconscious differs . This type of criticism was first experimented by Maud Bodkin, in his book Archetypal Patterns in Poetry (1934). However, as the play progresses, jealousy clamps down his mind, and his decisions are colored with jealousy that Desdemona is betraying him, leading him to kill her and take his own life. . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994. http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/an-archetype-criticism-of-othello-a-play-by-william-shakespeare-yJF4zltX, ("An Archetype Criticism of Othello, a Play by William Shakespeare. Farewell! Kibin, 2023. http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/an-archetype-criticism-of-othello-a-play-by-william-shakespeare-yJF4zltX. The patterns are the major intrinsic aspects of a work. Desdemonas true morals is her absolute devotion to her husband. 3. Archetypal Criticism Volume I. In his major work, The Anatomy of Criticism, he states: 'I mean by an archetype a symbol which connects one poem with another and thereby helps to unify and integrate our . Between William Shakespeares most expansive and philosophical tragediesHamlet and King Learis Othello, his most constricted and heart-breaking play. To wronged Othellos service. Literary Archetypes The Legend of Sleepy Hollow The Loved One The Magus The Making of Americans The Man in the High Castle The Mayor of Casterbridge The Member of the Wedding The Metamorphosis The Natural The Plague The Plot Against America The Portrait of a Lady The Power of Sympathy The Red Badge of Courage The Road The Road from Coorain Just another site. The three fundamental qualities of an archetype are: An archetype is a preconscious, instinctual expression of man's basic nature. Texts and Contexts: Writing About Literature with Critical Theory. Mythological Criticism and Archetypes BY: TO: AYTEKIN ALIYEVA Prof. SHAHIN KHALILLI. Beat a Venetian and tradud the state, Succeeds in unknown fate. Iago: My friend is dead. Instead, they blame him for his own ultimate ruin. Their discourse is conducted in poetic language; that is, their notions of soul-making come from the Romantics, especially William Blake and John Keats. He suffers barbs and preconceived notions, yet Othello is esteemed and wins the love of the daughter of a nobleman. Peopleshow more content An outburst that othello has in a crowd of his peers causes people to start to question their noble leader. By speaking of soul as a primary metaphor, rather than defining soul substantively and attempting to derive its ontological status from empirical demonstration or theological (metaphysical) argument, archetypal psychology recognizes that psychic reality is inextricably involved with rhetoric (Hillman, Archetypal 19). In Act 2, Scene 1 of Othello, Iago formulates his plan to drive Othello mad. Richer than all his tribe. A Modern View of Feminist Criticism William Shakespeare 's "Othello" can be analyzed from a feminist perspective.This criticism focuses on relationships between genders, like the patterns of thoughts, behavior, values, enfranchisement, and power in relations between and within sexes. While acknowledging the grave weaknesses of much Jungian writing on literature as unsubtle and rigid application of preconceived psychological notions and schemes resulting in particularly ill-judged or distorted readings, van Meurs still finds that sensitively, flexibly and cautiously used, Jungian psychological theory may stimulate illuminating literary interpretations (14-15). Due to the Moor, my lord. A archethpes symbol or myth leads to the establishment of a general truth. The contrast is most pronounced from the beginning of the play to its conclusion, switching from being calm and peaceful to acts of uncontrolled venomous rage. A storm has dispersed the Venetian fleet so that Cassio arrives first, anxious for Othello's safety. http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/an-archetype-criticism-of-othello-a-play-by-william-shakespeare-yJF4zltX Be sure to capitalize proper nouns (e.g. And so much duty as my mother showd archetypal criticism in othello america undercover life of crime Juni 12, 2022. used kawai upright piano . Aristotle believed that the plot is the most important element in a play and that plot also clearly points out the problem of any characters to be solved. Othello decides the only way to right his wrong is to take his own life. Comparing the amount written about the two plays, people find Hamlet more interesting to discuss. It is in Act 3 Scene 3 where Othello takes on a new persona, where his confidence and happiness is tragically replaced with jealousy and rage. O, damn her, damn her! This burgeoning theoretical movement and the generally unsatisfying nature of so much early Jungian literary criticism are both linked to the problematic nature of Jungs own writing on literature, which comprises a handful of essays: The Type Problem in Poetry, On the Relation of Analytical Psychology to Poetry, Psychology and Literature, Ulysses: A Monologue, and Is There a Freudian Type of Poetry? These essays reveal Jungs lack of awareness as a reader despite his sense that they may show how ideas that play a considerable role in my work can be applied to literary material (Collected 15:109^. And smote himthus. That such a man should fall so far and so fast gives the play an almost unbearable momentum. He has already judged and condemned her, but he is still hunting evidence, seeking to justify to himself the stand he has already taken. He is the general of the Venetian army and a well respected man by the towns noble men. To date, the British Journal of Analytical Psychology and the retitled American Spring: A Journal of Archetype and Culture are the best resources for archetypal criticism of literature and the arts even though only a small percentage of their published articles treat such topics. Their union is opposed by Desdemonas father, Brabantio, and by a rival for Desdemona, Roderigo, who in the plays opening scenes are both provoked against Othello by Iago. Citations In The Tragedy of Othello, Shakespeare details the story of a celebrated military hero who falls victim to the machinations of a conniving villain who goes by the name of Iago. What makes Othello so unique structurally (and painful to witness) is that it is a tragedy built on a comic foundation.

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