When Holy Communion is received under both kinds, the sign of reverence is also made before receiving the Precious Blood. Anamnesis: In which the Church, fulfilling the command that she received from Christ the Lord through the Apostles, keeps the memorial of Christ, recalling especially his blessed Passion, glorious Resurrection, and Ascension into heaven. It is fitting that such a prayer be included, as a rule, in Masses celebrated with a congregation, so that petitions will be offered for the holy Church, for civil authorities, for those weighed down by various needs, for all men and women, and for the salvation of the whole world. 24: AAS 59 (1967), p. 554. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, no. Holy Thursday Order of Service - St. James the Apostle Parish [85] Cf. Certain specific features to be observed in a concelebrated Mass are noted in their proper place (cf. Caeremoniale Episcoporum, editio typica, 1984, nos. 934-944. 127. The Mass is made up, as it were, of two parts: the Liturgy of the Word and the Liturgy of the Eucharist. The dignity of the word of God requires that the church have a place that is suitable for the proclamation of the word and toward which the attention of the whole congregation of the faithful naturally turns during the Liturgy of the Word.[117]. By Mass with a congregation is meant a Mass celebrated with the participation of the faithful. The Mass For Peace and Justice (no. Those present turn towards the ambo as a sign of special reverence to the Gospel of Christ. 910 2; cf. 300. 109. The supports or base for upholding the table, however, may be made of any sort of material, provided it is worthy and solid. THE ORDER OF MASS 7. you take away the sins of the world, receive our prayer; you are seated at the right hand of the Father, have mercy on us. 26-27: AAS 87 (1995), pp. Having bowed to the altar, he then takes up the Book of the Gospels which was placed upon it. It may be said also at particular celebrations of a more solemn character. The Mass during Councils, meetings of Bishops, and synods; The conventual Mass and the principal Mass in churches and oratories; Masses at any kind of meeting of priests, either secular or religious.[101]. [126] Moreover, it is appropriate that, before it is put into liturgical use, it be blessed according to the rite described in the Roman Ritual. The main part of the Liturgy of the Word is made up of the readings from Sacred Scripture together with the chants occurring between them. A bow of the head is made when the three Divine Persons are named together and at the names of Jesus, of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and of the Saint in whose honor Mass is being celebrated. Sacred Congregation of Rites, Instruction Eucharisticum mysterium, On the worship of the Eucharist, 25 May 1967, no. A proper arrangement of a church and its surroundings that appropriately meets contemporary needs requires attention not only to the elements related more directly to the celebration of the sacred actions but also to those things conducive to the appropriate comfort of the faithful that are normally forthcoming in places where people regularly gather. The rubric following the washing of the feet is more descriptive than the presently existing one: "After the Washing of Feet, the Priest washes and dries his hands, puts the chasuble back on, and returns to the chair, and from there he directs the Universal Prayer. 351. 82. 191. Exceptions are Laetare Sunday (Fourth Sunday of Lent), solemnities, and feasts. Sacred Congregation of Rites, Instruction Musicam sacram, On music in the Liturgy, 5 March 1967, nos. The altar is incensed with single swings of the thurible in this way: If the altar is freestanding with respect to the wall, the priest incenses walking around it; If the altar is not freestanding, the priest incenses it while walking first to the righthand side, then to the left. 0000001376 00000 n The priest may, very briefly, introduce the faithful to the Liturgy of the Word. In certain cases, readings are provided that highlight some particular aspect of the spiritual life or activity of the Saint. 46. 12: AAS 59 (1967), pp. 125. Sacred pastors should take care to ensure that the faithful who participate in the rite or are present at it are as fully aware as possible of the Catholic teaching on the form of Holy Communion as set forth by the Ecumenical Council of Trent. [91] Cf. Diligent care should be taken to ensure that the bread and wine intended for the Eucharist are kept in a perfect state of conservation: that is, that the wine does not turn to vinegar nor the bread spoil or become too hard to be broken easily. 301. [62] Cf. [117] Cf. The deacon or another suitable minister goes to the sacristy and obtains the veiled cross. 382. If desired, a psalm or other canticle of praise or a hymn may also be sung by the entire congregation. "If the celebration of the Passion of the Lord on the following Friday does not take place in the same church, the Mass is concluded in the usual way and the Blessed Sacrament is placed in the tabernacle" (EM, no. Each communicant drinks a little from the chalice, hands it back to the minister, and then withdraws; the minister wipes the rim of the chalice with the purificator. endstream 0000003488 00000 n 324. 160. The current norms, prescribed in keeping with the will of the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, and the new Missal that the Church of the Roman Rite is to use from now on in the celebration of Mass are also evidence of the great concern of the Church, of her faith, and of her unchanged love for the great mystery of the Eucharist. Among those Masses celebrated by some communities, moreover, the conventual Mass, which is a part of the daily Office, or the community Mass, has a particular place. 327. 10. During the Liturgy of the Word, it is also appropriate to include brief periods of silence, accommodated to the gathered assembly, in which, at the prompting of the Holy Spirit, the word of God may be grasped by the heart and a response through prayer may be prepared. [99] Cf. We ask this through Christ our Lord, Amen. It is fitting that the beauty and nobility of each vestment derive not from abundance of overly lavish ornamentation, but rather from the material that is used and from the design. Sacred Congregation of Rites, Instruction Inter Oecumenici, On the orderly carrying out of the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, 26 September 1964, no. 9 0 obj In this way greater consideration will also be given to some aspects of the celebration that have sometimes been accorded less attention in the course of time. Then the psalmist or even a lector proclaims the verses of the Psalm and the people sing or say the response as usual. Then holding it in their right hand, with the left hand placed below, they return to their places. 10: AAS 72 (1980), p. 336; Interdicasterial Instruction on certain questions regarding the collaboration of the non-ordained faithful in the sacred ministry of priests, Ecclesiae de mysterio, 15 August 1997, art. 122-124; Decree on the Ministry and Life of Priests, Presbyterorum ordinis, no. The priest continues the Eucharistic Prayer in accordance with the rubrics that are set forth in each of the Prayers. 23. Sacrosanctum Concilium, nos. While the sign of peace is being given, one may say, Pax Domini sit semper tecum (The peace of the Lord be with you always), to which the response is Amen. It is explicitly stated that the Prayer after Communion is said by the priest "standing at the chair" (EM, no. [108], 289. 0000003808 00000 n Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, nos. The homily is usually given by the principal celebrant or by one of the concelebrants. 919-929. 33. This is done not to add external solemnity to the rite, but to express in a clearer light the mystery of the Church, the sacrament of unity.[79], Even if the Bishop does not celebrate the Eucharist but has assigned someone else to do this, it is appropriate that he should preside over the Liturgy of the Word, wearing the pectoral cross, stole, and cope over an alb, and that he give the blessing at the end of Mass.[80]. Next, he hands the priest the paten with the bread to be consecrated, pours wine and a little water into the chalice, saying quietly, Per huius aquae (By the mystery of this water), and after this presents the chalice to the priest. All, together with the priest, observe a brief silence so that they may be conscious of the fact that they are in Gods presence and may formulate their petitions mentally. Green is used in the Offices and Masses of Ordinary Time. 240. If there is no singing at the entrance, the antiphon in the Missal is recited either by the faithful, or by some of them, or by a lector; otherwise, it is recited by the priest himself, who may even adapt it as an introductory explanation (cf. [157] Cf. In view of the rather broad range of choice among the readings and orations, it is best if Masses for various circumstances be used in moderation, that is, when the occasion truly requires. Acts 2:46). [37] For this reason Christs promise applies in an outstanding way to such a local gathering of the holy Church: Where two or three are gathered in my name, there am I in their midst (Mt 18:20). Holy Thursday, therefore, is an invitation to become aware of our sins, to put our lives in order, and embark on a path of repentance and renewal to obtain God's pardon. When there is an Entrance Procession, the following are also to be prepared: the Book of the Gospels; on Sundays and festive days, the thurible and the boat with incense, if incense is used; the cross to be carried in procession; and candlesticks with lighted candles. PL 2, 376A; Origen, Disputatio cum Heracleida, no. Furthermore, the meaning of the Prayer is that the entire congregation of the faithful should join itself with Christ in confessing the great deeds of God and in the offering of Sacrifice. Cathedrals and parish churches, however, are to be dedicated with a solemn rite. It is well also that money or other gifts for the poor or for the Church, brought by the faithful or collected in the church, should be received. The fraction or breaking of bread is begun after the sign of peace and is carried out with proper reverence, though it should not be unnecessarily prolonged, nor should it be accorded undue importance. 117-119. 28; Order of Crowning an Image of the Blessed Virgin Mary, editio typica, 1981, nos. 74). It is, however, appropriate that each person offer the sign of peace only to those who are nearest and in a sober manner. Fill us with you spirit as we praise and worship you and be with those who do not know you. [65] In particular cases and for a just cause, the homily may even be given by a Bishop or a priest who is present at the celebration but cannot concelebrate. 293. The vestment proper to the priest celebrant at Mass and other sacred actions directly connected with Mass is, unless otherwise indicated, the chasuble, worn over the alb and stole. 0000015939 00000 n If there is no singing at the Entrance or at Communion and the antiphons in the Missal are not recited by the faithful, the lector may read them at the appropriate time (cf. no. The meaning of this office is enunciated and explained clearly and at greater length in the Preface for the Chrism Mass on Holy Thursday, the day commemorating the institution of the priesthood. [44] Thus, while the priest is speaking these texts, there should be no other prayers or singing, and the organ or other musical instruments should be silent. [72] Cf. And with your spirit. The dalmatic may, however, be omitted out of necessity or on account of a lesser degree of solemnity. 297: With this Mass, celebrated in the evening of the Thursday in Holy Week, the Church begins the sacred Easter Triduum and devotes herself to the remembrance of the Last Supper. The norm established by the Second Vatican Councilthat in the liturgical reform there should be no innovations unless required in order to bring a genuine and certain benefit to the Church, and taking care that any new forms adopted should in some way grow organically from forms already existing[161]must also be applied to efforts at the inculturation of the same Roman Rite. 118. When, in the dioceses of the United States of America, other cloths are used in addition to the altar cloth, then those cloths may be of other colors possessing Christian honorific or festive significance according to longstanding local usage, provided that the uppermost cloth covering the mensa (i.e., the altar cloth itself) is always white in color. A good way to describe the Mass is to say that it is Holy Thursday, Good Friday and Easter Sunday made present today in ritual. They are prohibited on Sundays of Advent, Lent, and Easter, on solemnities, on the days within the Octave of Easter, on the Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed (All Souls Day), on Ash Wednesday, and during Holy Week, taking due account of the norms given in the ritual books or in the Masses themselves. 91. 0000001951 00000 n Their purpose is to ensure that the faithful who come together as one establish communion and dispose themselves to listen properly to Gods word and to celebrate the Eucharist worthily. Moreover, it is unlawful to substitute other, non-biblical texts for the readings and responsorial Psalm, which contain the word of God.[62]. [139] Cf. 0000021149 00000 n In setting forth its instructions for the revision of the Order of Mass, the Second Vatican Council, using the same words as did St. Pius V in the Apostolic Constitution Quo primum, by which the Missal of Trent was promulgated in 1570, also ordered, among other things, that some rites be restored to the original norm of the holy Fathers.[11] From the fact that the same words are used it can be seen how both Roman Missals, although separated by four centuries, embrace one and the same tradition. [120] Cf. Other types of sacred music, in particular polyphony, are in no way excluded, provided that they correspond to the spirit of the liturgical action and that they foster the participation of all the faithful. Moreover, continuing progress in the study of the holy Fathers has also shed light upon the theology of the mystery of the Eucharist through the teachings of such illustrious Fathers of Christian antiquity as St. Irenaeus, St. Ambrose, St. Cyril of Jerusalem, and St. John Chrysostom. [7] Cf. After the reading that immediately precedes the Gospel, the Alleluia or another chant indicated by the rubrics is sung, as required by the liturgical season. 294. 5; Sacred Congregation of Rites, Instruction Eucharisticum mysterium, On the worship of the Eucharist, 25 May 1967, no. 259. Then the priest places the paten and the chalice on the corporal. 173. Then the priest, with hands extended, says aloud the prayer, Domine Iesu Christe, qui dixisti (Lord Jesus Christ, you said). The adaptations to the Ordo Lectionum Missae as contained in the Lectionary for Mass for use in the dioceses of the United States of America should be carefully observed. As to other Eucharistic Prayers approved by the Apostolic See, the norms established for each one are to be observed. 66. At the ambo, the priest opens the book and, with hands joined, says, Dominus vobiscum (The Lord be with you), and the people respond, Et cum spiritu tuo (And also with you). 0000013961 00000 n Effective immediately, this translation of the General Instruction of the Roman Missal is the sole translation of the Institutio Generalis Missalis Romani, editio typica tertia for use in the dioceses of the United States of America. When they reach the sanctuary, the priest, the deacon, and the ministers reverence the altar with a profound bow. 0000005127 00000 n 570-571; Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Mysterium fidei, On the doctrine and worship of the Eucharist, 3 September 1965: AAS 57(1965), pp. 55. In the ministry of the altar, the acolyte has his own functions (cf. 354. 0000010107 00000 n 194. However, he should always take care to keep to the sense of the text given in the Missal and to express it succinctly. Before leaving the altar, the concelebrants make a profound bow to the altar. It is appropriate, therefore, that all the priests who are not bound to celebrate individually for the pastoral benefit of the faithful concelebrate at the conventual or community Mass in so far as it is possible. 24: AAS 59 (1967), p. 554. 304. nos. 1070. The adaptations spoken of below that call for a wider degree of coordination are to be decided, in accord with the norm of law, by the Conference of Bishops. It is always permissible, however, to use the collect alone from these Masses. Therefore, all must listen with reverence to the readings from Gods word, for they make up an element of greatest importance in the Liturgy. If, however, there is no Offertory chant and the organ is not played, in the presentation of the bread and wine the priest may say the formulas of blessing aloud, to which the people make the acclamation, Benedictus Deus in saecula (Blessed be God for ever). Then, if necessary, the acolyte assists the priest in receiving the gifts of the people and, if appropriate, brings the bread and wine to the altar and hands them to the priest. nos. The Creed is not said. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, no. Newly added is the description : "A lay minister with a cross, standingbetween two other ministerswith lighted candles leads off Before the Priest carrying the Blessed Sacrament comes the thuriferwith a smoking thurible" (EM, no. 767 , [64] Cf. [43] It is with good reason, therefore, that they are called the presidential prayers.. III. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, no. The diocesan Bishop, moreover, should use the counsel and help of this commission whenever it comes to laying down norms on this matter, approving plans for new buildings, and making decisions on the more important issues.[113]. 86. 119-186. After the celebration of Mass, the acolyte and other ministers return in procession to the sacristy, together with the deacon and the priest in the same way and order in which they entered. 276-277). no. The cope is worn by the priest in processions and other sacred actions, in keeping with the rubrics proper to each rite. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, no. The people respond, Et cum spiritu tuo (And also with you). Where it is indicated in the rubrics, the celebrant is permitted to adapt them somewhat in order that they respond to the understanding of those participating. Catholic Mass guide - Order of the Mass. In order, however, that the people may be able to sing the Psalm response more readily, texts of some responses and Psalms have been chosen for the various seasons of the year or for the various categories of Saints. 95: AAS 56 (1964), p. 898; Sacred Congregation for the Sacraments, Instruction Nullo umquam tempore, 28 May 1938, no. Council of Trent, session 21, Doctrina de communione sub utraque specie et parvulorum, 16 July 1562, chapters 1-3: Denz-Schn, 1725-1729. The priest, having put incense into the thurible, blesses it with the sign of the Cross, without saying anything. 0000006649 00000 n Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, no. [123], 313. Afterwards, when appropriate, the priest adds, Offerte vobis pacem (Let us offer each other the sign of peace). 4. 47: AAS 59 (1967), p. 565. Violet or purple is used in Advent and Lent. . [129] Cf. Holy Week begins with Palm Sunday. 353. Sacred Congregation of Rites, Instruction Eucharisticum mysterium, On the worship of the Eucharist, 25 May 1967. no. The priest may give the sign of peace to the ministers but always remains within the sanctuary, so as not to disturb the celebration. Finally, in this manner the liturgical norms of the Council of Trent have certainly been completed and perfected in many respects by those of the Second Vatican Council, which has brought to realization the efforts of the last four hundred years to bring the faithful closer to the sacred Liturgy especially in recent times, and above all the zeal for the Liturgy promoted by St. Pius X and his successors. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, no. 143. The cross adorned with a figure of Christ crucified and perhaps carried in procession may be placed next to the altar to serve as the altar cross, in which case it ought to be the only cross used; otherwise it is put away in a dignified place. 3: AAS 89 (1997), p. 864. The order of procession is more carefully described for the transfer of the Blessed Sacrament to the place of reposition. Ks7:Kw7TK_de}7+=,\,1wS\\ gg5M:iA!2s:gmN. 9. This variety of offices in the celebration of the Eucharist is shown outwardly by the diversity of sacred vestments, which should therefore be a sign of the office proper to each minister. nos. It is praiseworthy for the bread and wine to be presented by the faithful. 366. It is appropriate for the faithfuls participation to be expressed by an offering, whether of the bread and wine for the celebration of the Eucharist or of other gifts for the relief of the needs of the Church and of the poor. 4 0 obj The people rise and make their response: Suscipiat Dominus (May the Lord accept). 9; Codex Iuris Canonici, can. In this case, the greetings, the introductory or explanatory remarks, and the blessing at the end of Mass are omitted. Institution narrative and consecration: In which, by means of words and actions of Christ, the Sacrifice is carried out which Christ himself instituted at the Last Supper, when he offered his Body and Blood under the species of bread and wine, gave them to his Apostles to eat and drink, and left them the command to perpetuate this same mystery. Cf. Thus the best place for the chair is in a position facing the people at the head of the sanctuary, unless the design of the building or other circumstances impede this: for example, if the great distance would interfere with communication between the priest and the gathered assembly, or if the tabernacle is in the center behind the altar. The rubrics, by way of exception, allow for the local Ordinary to permit another Mass in churches and oratories to be celebrated in the evening, and, in the case of genuine necessity, even in the morning. If a deacon is present at any celebration of Mass, he should exercise his office. [159] Cf. In addition, the Lectionary has a special selection of texts from Sacred Scripture for Ritual Masses into which certain Sacraments or Sacramentals are incorporated, or for Masses that are celebrated for certain needs. Floral decorations should always be done with moderation and placed around the altar rather than on its mensa. Amen. 131. 239. The reading of the Gospel is the high point of the Liturgy of the Word. [93] Cf. Then, as a rule, the priest venerates the altar with a kiss and, after making a profound bow with the lay ministers, departs with them. 203. For the sacred Order of the diaconate has been held in high honor in the Church even from the time of the Apostles. 1118-1121. 338. nos. 78. CONGREGATION FOR DIVINE WORSHIP AND THE DISCIPLINE OF THE SACRAMENTS. 175-186. 335. It is to him that in this Instruction is entrusted the regulating of the discipline of concelebration (cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Decree on the Ministry and Life of Priests, Presbyterorum ordinis, no. [37] Cf. also Sacred Congregation of Rites, Instruction Musicam sacram, On music in the Liturgy, 5 March 1967, no. First, the altar, the Lords table, which is the center of the whole Liturgy of the Eucharist,[70] is prepared by placing on it the corporal, purificator, Missal, and chalice (unless the chalice is prepared at the credence table). more appropriate. Missae sacrificio, 17 September 1562, chapter 8: Denz-Schn, 1749. 69. 10; cf. 261. 309. 62-64). 10 and 14. After the Act of Penitence, the Kyrie is always begun, unless it has already been included as part of the Act of Penitence. After this, standing and turned toward the altar, the priest says quietly, Corpus Christi custodiat me in vitam aeternam (May the Body of Christ bring me to everlasting life) and reverently receives the Body of Christ. In accordance with traditional custom, near the tabernacle a special lamp, fueled by oil or wax, should be kept alight to indicate and honor the presence of Christ. Priest: The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Spirit be with you all. 334. THE ORDER OF MASS. a. While the priest is receiving the Sacrament, the Communion chant is begun. 284-287 is followed. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, no. Friday, or Holy Saturday. 32. Other parts, very useful for expressing and fostering the faithfuls active participation, that are assigned to the whole assembly that is called together include especially the Act of Penitence, the Profession of Faith, the Prayer of the Faithful, and the Lords Prayer. 390. Places should be arranged with appropriate care for the faithful so that they are able to participate in the sacred celebrations visually and spiritually, in the proper manner. Prayers of this kind, which occur before the reading of the Gospel, at the Preparation of the Gifts, and also before and after the Communion of the priest, are said quietly. Furthermore, if the inner elements of this tradition are reflected upon, it also becomes clear how outstandingly and felicitously the older Roman Missal is brought to fulfillment in the new. The Liturgy itself teaches that great reverence is to be shown to it by setting it off from the other readings with special marks of honor: whether on the part of the minister appointed to proclaim it, who prepares himself by a blessing or prayer; or on the part of the faithful, who stand as they listen to it being read and through their acclamations acknowledge and confess Christ present and speaking to them; or by the very marks of reverence that are given to the Book of the Gospels. 4 0 obj The Roman Ritual, Book of Blessings, editio typica, 1984, Order for a Blessing on the Occasion of the Installation of a New Ambo, nos. 35:3. Along with the faithful, he then makes an act of humility using the prescribed words taken from the Gospels. After the first reading comes the responsorial Psalm, which is an integral part of the Liturgy of the Word and holds great liturgical and pastoral importance, because it fosters meditation on the word of God. [127] Cf. In cases of serious need or pastoral advantage, at the direction of the diocesan Bishop or with his permission, an appropriate Mass may be celebrated on any day except solemnities, the Sundays of Advent, Lent, and Easter, days within the Octave of Easter, the Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed (All Souls Day), Ash Wednesday, and Holy Week. 91: AAS 56 (1964), p. 898; Sacred Congregation of Rites, Instruction Eucharisticum mysterium, On the worship of the Eucharist, 25 May 1967, no. R/ Amen. 305. 199. For the same reason the Christian people is drawn on Holy Thursday of the Lords Supper, and on the solemnity of the Most Holy Body and Blood of Christ, to venerate this wonderful Sacrament by a special form of adoration. 15 0 obj Singing may always accompany the rite at the offertory, even when there is no procession with the gifts. In Masses with special groups, the priest is allowed to choose texts more suited to the particular celebration, provided they are taken from the texts of an approved lectionary. Finally, it is a people made one by sharing in the Communion of Christs Body and Blood. 15; cf. The priest, joining his hands again and then immediately placing his left hand on his breast, raises his right hand and adds, Benedicat vos omnipotens Deus (May Almighty God bless you) and, as he makes the Sign of the Cross over the people, continues, Pater, et Filius, et Spiritus Sanctus (the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit). Easter is not part of Holy Week, but rather the beginning of the Easter season of the Liturgical year. On the altar itself may be placed the Book of the Gospels, distinct from the book of other readings, unless it is carried in the Entrance Procession. 24. At the words Nobis quoque peccatoribus (Though we are sinners) all the concelebrants strike their breast. The Mass Eucharistic Prayer IV has an invariable Preface and gives a fuller summary of salvation history. 383. 147. Grant us, O Lord, we pray, that we may participate worthily in these mysteries, for whenever the memorial of this sacrifice is celebrated the work of our redemption is accomplished. 255. 12. 350. 16 0 obj Moderation should be observed in the decoration of the altar. In addition, on or next to the altar are to be placed candlesticks with lighted candles: at least two in any celebration, or even four or six, especially for a Sunday Mass or a holy day of obligation. 51. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, no. The Bishop should therefore be determined that the priests, the deacons, and the lay Christian faithful grasp ever more deeply the genuine meaning of the rites and liturgical texts, and thereby be led to an active and fruitful celebration of the Eucharist.

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